DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES

Introduction

The rationale behind prioritisation is to rank issues/problems in order of importance, and thus, tackling those problems which come first before other ones which follow. This is done to get the best out of the available resources. Due to scarcity of resources, it is imperative to order problems by bringing those ones which are more important first base on certain determined criteria.

As a result of the aforementioned, there was the need to prioritise those issues/problems which were identified in the District and subject them to prioritisation, based on some criteria. Before ranking the issues, the following criteria were born in mind:

Impact on a large proportion of the citizens, especially, the poor and vulnerable,

Significant linkage effects on meeting basic human needs/rights

Significant multiplier effects on the local economy-attraction of enterprises, job creation, increases in incomes and growth.

Based on the analysis, four (4) issues were identified under Build an inclusive industrialised and resilient economy; eighteen (18) Create an equitable, healthy and disciplined society; five (5) under Build safe and well-planned communities while protecting the natural environment; five (5) Build effective, efficient and dynamic institutions and  two (2) under Build effective efficient and dynamic institutions.

Upon the critical consideration of the development issues, this is how the development issues for the various thematic areas were prioritized:

POCC Analysis

The prioritized issues under the various Development Dimensions were further subjected to POCC Analysis. This is imperative in order to determine the potentials and opportunities which can help in solving the problems identified and how to use these potentials and opportunities to neutralise the constraints and challenges. The outputs are presented below:

DEVELOPMENT GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES

Introduction

The process of goal formulation for the district was undertaken in line with the guidelines provided in the National Medium Term Development Framework (NMTDF 2018-2021). The goal, objectives and strategies formulation stage in the planning process serves as a link between problem definitions (situation analysis), identification of potentials, opportunities, constraints and challenges, and plan formulation stage (programme of action). This stage of the planning process attempts to establish a scope within which development efforts are to be directed over the planning period.

The formulation of development goal, objectives and strategies are the point of intervention in development planning process. A goal is an anticipated desired state, which reflects a general improvement of the condition or conditions of an individual, organization or political entity, from a weak or poor state to a better one in the medium to long-term. The goals need to be supported by objectives and strategies. Objectives are specific aims which are realistic, measurable and achievable, and intend to be achieved within a specified time frame. On the other hand, strategies are broad approaches, means, ways or method to be used to achieve the expected objectives.

Following the district goal, broad objectives for the five pillars (human development, productivity and employment; infrastructure, energy and human settlement development; transparent and accountable governance; Enhancing Ghana’s Private Sector Competitiveness; Accelerated Agric Modernization and Sustainable Natural Resource Management) are formulated. The specific objectives are also formulated based on the prioritized development issues discussed in section 2 out of which strategies have been developed.

 District Development Focus

Despite the significant gains made by implementing the GSGDA (2010-2013), the District’s effort of improving the living standards of its inhabitants through increased income levels was not fully achieved. The District Development Focus is, therefore, to modernize agriculture in order to improve productivity and ensure ready market for farmers’ produce. This focus came about as most of the people in the District engage in agriculture for survival.

District Development Goal

The approach adopted in this plan has been to define long term district goal which is in conformity with overall national development goal. The national goal as stated in the Agenda for Jobs (2018-2021) document is “to addressing the economic imbalances, re-stabilizing the economy and placing it on a path of sustained growth and poverty reduction towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals and middle income status”.

Tain District’s development goal for the DMTDP (2018 – 2021) is ““to develop the human resource base of the district and create enabling environment for private sector growth with emphasis on agriculture and agro-processing through active participation of the citizenry in decision making and implementation aimed at improving the living standards of the people. The district development goal is highly compatible with the national goal. This implies that the district’s development goal is not conflicting with the national goal and therefore monitoring and evaluation will be enhanced.

Development Projections for 2018-2021

The essence of Planning is to solve the problems of a given target group by providing for their current as well as the future needs and aspirations. Knowledge relating to the current and future needs of the District is very vital for informed decision making regarding the kind of interventions required by the District for 2010-2013. The development of projections serves as a prelude to the formulation of objectives for the Tain District. It represents the overall scope within which the development of the district would take place. It therefore provides in a nutshell, guidelines for the preparation of the plan objectives and focuses on five important aspects of the district’s development, namely:

• Social Situation;

• Economic Situation;

• Spatial Organisation;

• Environment issues; and

• Administrative and institutional arrangements.

The Social Situation

The social programme of the district development plan seeks to increase access to social services and facilities especially the deficient areas of the district, and to enhance the capacity of the District Assembly to meet the social needs of the people.

The framework of social development, outlined in this section, examines such vital issues as the future population growth and social needs in terms of health, education, water and housing.

Population Projection

Population forecast depends on three vital demographic variables, namely: fertility, mortality and migration rates. The period of the projection was determined by the planning period, which is four years. Before the population projection was made, the following were the underlying assumptions that were made;

That the fertility, mortality and migration rates remain constant over the projection periods,

That the growth rate of the District of 2.6% remains constant over the planning period.

Once the above assumptions have been made, the manual computation method of projection was adopted for the projection as there were data and resource constraints in the District. This involved the use of the Exponential Formula as described below;

The Exponential formula is defined as

Pt=Poert

Where Po=current (base year) population; Pt=the future population; r= the population growth rate; t= the projection period in years and e=2.718282 is a constant.

Based on the above assumptions, the population of Tain District was projected as shown in Table 3.1

The population projection indicates that the population of Tain District will increase from current figure of 112,003 to 115,413; 118,928 in the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively. The growth rate between the years is 2.6%.

The table above shows a positive picture as far as the dependency ratio is concerned. Upon making the analysis, the dependency ratio is found to be 30 percent over the planning period. This means, 100 economically active persons takes care of 30 uneconomically active individual. However, further analysis needs to be made to determine whether those who are supposed to work are all employed in the district.

The population increment over the years requires equally matching social and economic facilities and services equitably distributed. Against this background, efforts should be directed towards the provision of facilities such as schools, health, housing, and employment opportunities.

The population density of 48 persons per square kilometres in 2018 will increase to 49.4, 50.7, and 52.0 persons per square kilometres in 2019, 2020 and 2021 respectively. It is important to regulate land uses to sustain the ecological balance as the population density increases over the years.

The projected population for some selected settlements in the District is indicated in Table 3.3.

Health Needs

Health is one of the basic inputs to human development. As indicated by the demographic projection, the population of the district will grow significantly within the plan period. This situation calls for an assessment of the demand for the health services and facilities.

To decentralize health delivery in the country, the Primary Health Care (PHC) Delivery System was introduced. This system lays emphasis on preventive, curative and rehabilitative measures as they are needed. The system is operationalized at three levels, by which health services are made available to the people, namely: levels A, B and C. Table 3.4 indicate the required population threshold to make each level functional.

Note: EX – Existing Health Facilities, RQ – Health Facilities Required, BL – Backlog, AN – Accumulated Need

Analysis from the estimated health needs revealed that by the end of 2017, 2 additional health centers and 15 clinic/health post/CHPS Zones would be needed. This implies that there should be an increase investment in the health sector of the district economy. In as much as the health facilities are supposed to be provided to ensure quality health care, there should be adequate health personnel to man these facilities in the district. It is therefore worthwhile to ensure adequate health personnel during the planning period.

Statistically, 5 doctors, 20 general nurses, 9 medical assistants and 18 community health nurses will be needed to adequately man the various health facilities in the district and thereby ensure quality health care for all.

Potable water needs

Portable water supply in the entire district is slightly inadequate. Most of the people in the district have access to potable water; however, there are some who are still depending on streams and some other sources for their water needs. On the basis of the projected district population and the Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) public water supply standard of 300 people to one borehole, the district’s water requirements are indicated in Table 3.6.


 

It is realized from the Table that by the year 2017, 95 boreholes will be required to service the increasing population. This implies that large investments should be channelled to the provision of water for the estimated population.

Educational Needs

Education plays an essential role in the social, cultural, political and economic development of a district. Its product is the ability for people to read and write, and thus take initiative towards development in general. Due to its importance, the major aim of the country’s educational policy is to expand and consolidate facilities for education, so as to ensure increase in the intake of children in the school going-age in order to improve School Participatory Rate (SPR)) in the district.

Manpower constitutes a potential resource which needs to be applied fully in order to ensure its fullest and most productive utilization. It is in recognition of this vital role that the district’s future educational facilities and teacher requirements are estimated to see what sort of interventions is needed. The projections are thus made on the following assumptions:

That the factors that influence population changes, that is, fertility, mortality and migration will remain constant;

With government’s policy of free and compulsory basic education underway, it is envisaged that the School Participatory Rate will increase over the years for the various levels of education, that is, Nursery from 48 percent to 80 percent in 2021, Primary from 75 percent to 100 percent, JHS from 60 percent to 95 percent.

It is expected that in 2021, some basic infrastructure like staff accommodation, water and electricity would have been extended to other settlements and these would attract personnel including trained teachers into the district; and

That parent would encourage their children to go to school.

Population for Pre-school, Primary, JHS: 2018-2021

On the basis of the standard age for Nursery, Primary and JHS education which is 0-4 years, 5-12 years, 12-15 years respectively, the expected school population was estimated for the plan period 2010-2013. The information is provided in Table 3.7.

It is revealed that, by the year 2017, a total of 12,868 out of the total population of 95,132 would be eligible for Nursery; 23,404 for Primary; 8,656 for Junior High School. However, it is not every potential candidate who would enrol for schooling, thus, the need to estimate the school participatory rate (SPR) and the total enrolment for each level.

The SPR is given by the total enrolment in a particular level for the specified year divided by the total population age group. The SPR for 2014 was estimated to be 0.60, 0.75, and 0.60 for Nursery, Primary and Junior High School respectively.

Thus on the basis of the assumptions of SPRs for the three levels of education for the various years in the plan period, the estimated enrolments were obtained as shown in Table 3.8

Demand for Classrooms

By the national standard of between 40 (min) to 50 (max) pupils per class for a Nursery; up to 40 pupils per class for Primary; between 35(min) to 40(max) pupils per class  for JHS and between 30 (min) to 35(max) students per class for SHS/Technical/Vocational education, the existing number of classrooms for pupils at the nursery (49:1), primary (35:1), JHS (32:1), and SHS (71:1) cannot adequately support the total estimated enrolment in the Nursery, Primary and JHS up to the end of 2017.

The District therefore would need 124 classrooms (20 no. 6-unit classroom block) for nursery; 63 classrooms (10no. 6 unit classroom block) for primary and 49 classrooms (8 no. 6-unit classroom blocks) for Junior High School by the end of 2017. In all, 38 no. 6- unit classroom blocks would be needed to adequately cater for the estimated enrolment for the planning period.

C)  Demand for Teachers

The national standard for teacher-pupil ratio of 1:35, 1:40, and the teacher-student ratio of 1:35 were used to estimate the number of teachers need in the nursery, primary and JHS schools respectively as shown on Table 3.11. The anticipated number of teachers for the estimated enrolment was calculated by multiplying the estimated enrolment for a particular year by the national standard ratio. Table 3.11 depicts the information on the demand for teachers in the district for the period, 2018-2021.

From the survey, as at 2013, there were 31 trained teachers for nursery, 216 trained teachers for primary and 445 trained teachers for Junior High School for 7,141;16,244 and 4,807 pupils/students enrolled in the nursery, primary, and Junior High School respectively. One spectacular observation from Table 3.12 is that the district has enough trained teachers for Junior High School, with the exception of nursery and primary which have a lot of backlog. Nursery will need 370 trained teachers to serve the total estimated enrolment whereas 1,057 teachers for the Junior High School within the planning period.

(         ) - Deficit

AN - Accumulated Needs

*              -           Existing Number of Teachers

The Economic Situation

The economic programme of the district development plan seeks to improve upon the local economy by utilizing the available local resources and attracting both private and public investment into the district. As a major agricultural district, efforts must be made to improve upon the farming practices in the district. The low industrial base of the district should critically be addressed to process the abundant agricultural produce thereby creating employment opportunities.

Sustainable Environmental Assessment (SEA) Tool Report

Sustainability objectives of the district  Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come.

It means resolving the conflict between the various competing goals, and involves the simultaneous pursuit of economic prosperity, environmental quality, social equity, cultural preservation and institutional strengthening. In order to achieve these pillars of sustainability, objectives have to be set to address the various negative issues that impede the pillars. In pursuit of sustainable development, the following objectives were set:

Natural Resources

Objective 1: To reduce the bush fire incidence in the district by 2021. Inhabitants in the district during dry seasons, set bush on fire in the course of hunting expeditions and this has resulted in the loss of farm property and this also kills micro-organisms in the soil and hence the need to reverse this trend of bush fire.  

Objective 2: To reverse rate of deforestation in the district by 2019. Many human activities have their toll on the forest cover in the district as many of the trees have to be cut to satisfy human needs, hence the need to do something about the rate of cutting down of trees.
 

Objectives 3: To ensure flood prone areas are avoided in all activities by 2018. It has become rampant where people choose do build in water courses and this has resulted in flooding over the years hence this objective.
 

Objective 4: To mitigate the impacts caused by climate variability and change it is known fact that developing countries do not contribute much in causing climate change but what they try to do is to make sure they adapt to the impacts caused by climate change.
 

Objective 5: To reduce the rate of soil degradation. The soil fertility in the district is reducing as a result of the human activities that have been going on. Evidence of this is the low crop productivity in the district and the need to use fertiliser in order to achieve the desired crop productivity. It is in this sense that soil degradation should be given consideration.

Socio-Cultural
 

Objective 1: To reduce incidence of PLHIVs stigmatisation in the district PLHIVs stigmatisation is very rampant in the district and because the prevalence rate is very high, most people are infected. This stigma is shunning people from going for counselling and testing and this has left so many people knowing their HIV/AIDS status. When the objective is achieved, the problem about stigmatisation would reduce.
 

Objective 2: To reduce incidence of Female Genital Mutilation FGM is really practiced by some areas in the district irrespective of education about that act in recent times. Agencies in the district are therefore making all concerted efforts to nib this problem in the bud. Achievement of the objective would
 

Objective 3: To increase and retain school enrolment at all levels of education Illiteracy rate in the district is very low and if nothing is done about this situation, there would not be skilled human resources to develop the district in future. This has called for the need to increase and retain enrolment so that eligible persons would be enrolled in school. 

Objective 4: To reduce malaria infection and death in the district.  Malaria cases remain the top recorded disease in the district and this is causing so many deaths. This goes on to reduce the human resource base of the district hence the need to resolve the problem.
 

Objective 5: To promote the construction of sanitation facilities in the district Due to inadequate sanitation facilities, there is indiscriminate defecation by people in the district. As a result, human excreta are seem commonly especially in the rural areas. If nothing is done about this situation, it could result in spread of diseases. It is as a result of this that this objective is set. 

Objective 6: To reduce the incidence of crime in the district Criminal activities ranging from theft, rape, assault and so on are very rampant in the district. For this reason, people have become insecure to go about their daily economic activities. in the light of this, there is the need to fight crime to make the district as peaceful as possible. 

Economic

Objective 1: To facilitated the creation of employment opportunities. The youth in the district have been engaging in illegal economic activities because there are inadequate employment opportunities. For this reason, there is increasing rate of immoral acts in the area. Hope the implementation of this objective would help resolve the situation.
 

Objective 2: To increase crop productivity in the district.  Even though the arable land area is vast, the amount of crop produce is relatively low. And with the increasing population, there is the need to increase produce to meet the population increment. 

Objective 3: To facilitate the construction of irrigation facilities.  In recent time, the rain pattern has changed and the time farmers expect the rain to fall, it fails them. This is really having adverse effect on the farmers as it makes them loose chunk of resources that they put into farming. 

Objective 4: To improve and maintain the existing road network in the district The road network in the district is so bad that, food crops intended to be brought to the market get stuck in farms. This really worsens the financial situation of the farmers and thereby making their standard of living worse off. It is expected that when the objective is actualised, the situation of the farmers would improved. 

Institutional  

Objective 1: To promote the growth and expansion of local businesses.  There is low revenue base and this has come about as a result of limited number of businesses in the district. This really goes on to affect the amount of money realised IGF in the district. With number of SMEs increasing, it is hoped the amount of revenue collected in the district would improved. 

Objective 2: To mitigate the impacts caused by delay in the release of DACF. The delay in the release of DACF cause so many projects to stall and even administrative activities to come to a halt as most districts solely depend on the DACF for survival. Due to the fact that the district cannot do anything about the delay, it has to increase its IGF to mitigate the impact caused by the delay. 

Objective 3: To promote gender empowerment to participate in governance The number of women in every aspect of decision making especially in the District Assembly is very low, so the need to empower them to partake in governance. This causes issues relating to women to be unresolved properly. When women are empowered, it would cause them to have confidence to voice any challenges confronting them to be addressed.  

Objective 4: To attract and retain police personnel into the district The police citizen ratio of 1:12,990 is really unpleasant because people in the district do not feel safe. It is in this regard that police personnel should be attracted and those already in the district retained.

Sustainability Test

The Sustainability Appraisal Test was used mainly on the activities. The purpose is to subject each activity to a simple test of the overall sustainability of the plan. It is different from an impact assessment matrix in that it gives equal weight to socio-cultural, economic, natural resources and institutional issues which are the four components of sustainability. The individual Matrices for the activities and their Record Sheets are attached as Appendix 3. A summary of the performance of individual Activities against the Sustainability Test are also outlined below;  
 

1. Connect households to electricity.

 The activity is highly favourable with all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on natural resources and the economy. It obviously works against the components of the natural resources and economy thereby weakening its sustainability.  However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section.
  

2. Reshape 2,432 of road networks in the district  

The activity is favourable with respect to all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on the natural resources. However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section.    

3. Drill. boreholes  

The activity is favourable with respect to all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on the natural resources. However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section.   

4. Organise tree planting exercises 

The activity is favourable with respect to all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on the economy. However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section.
  

5. Construct 5 irrigation dams 

The activity is highly favourable with all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on natural resources and socio-cultural conditions. It obviously works against the components of the natural resources and economy thereby weakening its sustainability.  However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section. 
   

6. Construct 4 storage facilities 

The activity is favourable with respect to all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on the natural resources. However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section.  
 

7. Construct 10 classroom blocks wit ancillary facilities 

The activity is highly favourable with all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on natural resources and the economy. It obviously works against the components of the natural resources and economy thereby weakening its sustainability.  However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section.  
 

8. Undertake 8 spraying exercises to control mosquitoes   
          

 The activity is very sustainable in all the four criteria areas.  

9. Construct CHPS Compounds 

The activity is highly favourable with all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on natural resources and the economy. It obviously works against the components of the natural resources and economy thereby weakening its sustainability.  However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section.  
 

10. Develop 3 tourism sites in the district  

The activity is favourable with respect to all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on the natural resources and the economy. However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section.
 

 11. Construct 4 police posts 

The activity is highly favourable with all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on natural resources and the economy. It obviously works against the components of the natural resources and economy thereby weakening its sustainability.  However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section. 
 

14. Construct 40 institutional latrines 

The activity is favourable with respect to all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on the natural resources. However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section.
  

15. Facilitate establishment of 5 cashew processing factories

 The activity is highly favourable with all the criteria except that it would have negative impact on natural resources and the economy. It obviously works against the components of the natural resources and economy thereby weakening its sustainability.  However there could be interventions to erode and minimize its negative effect.  Interventions will be spelt out in the next section.  

Measures to Address Impacts

SEA is concerned with the both direct and indirect impacts. The impacts of the DMTDP on the environmental components are normally indirect. That is, the plan is designed to bring about changes in social and economic behaviour. These social and economic changes may in turn lead to potential direct and indirect impacts on the environment. It is as result that measures that avoid reduce, remediate or compensate for the negative impacts of the activities should be set. 

Mostly, all constructional activities would cause deforestation, flooding, soil degradation and also work against climate change adaptation as trees would have to be cut to put up structures and also in some situations, projects sites are selected by non-technical men who do not have any engineering background and this results in projects being constructed in flood prone areas.

As mitigation measure, there would be provisional figure as part of contract sum to promote reforestation and strict monitoring of its appropriate use. Strict monitoring would be done periodically to ensure contractors really utilise the funds appropriately. When the issue of deforestation is managed, it is believed climate change adaptation and reclaiming of soil fertility would be achieved. Concerning the flooding issue, qualified engineers and the local people would always be engaged to select sites for projects, making selection of sites participatory.
 

Soil degradation is also one concern for the people of the district. This issue results in loss of soil fertility and its resultant effect on crop productivity. In order to avoid the problem, there would be the management of deforestation and flood prevention. The strategies to manage deforestation and prevent flooding have been dealt with earlier. To resolve the issue of low crop yield as result of soil degradation in the short run, nine (9) intensive educational workshops would be organised for farmers on the proper use of fertilisers.
 

It is known fact that the development of tourism sites and establishment of SMEs bring in their wake influx of people into the district. For that matter, there could be outbreak of all sorts of infections with the notable one being HIV/AIDs. It as a result of this that the District Assembly in collaboration with other NGOs would organise 9 fora in each Area Council to educate people about HIV/AIDS and distribute condoms.

In addition, day-to-day monitoring would be undertaken to make sure HIV/AIDS component of every contract sum is used appropriately by the contractors.   In addition, as more people migrate to the district as result of tourism sites and establishment of SMEs for trading purposes, there could be infections and diseases. To mitigate this, the District Assembly would sponsor seven (7) nurses per year in order to increase the nurse -patient ratio and also 5 CHPS Compounds would be constructed every year. 

In order to attract and retain more police personnel into the district, there would be the construction police accommodation to motivate police officers and establishment of District Court. These are needed as there the district would be hit with high crime rate as more people throng into the district.   

Bush fire has become rampant especially during the dry season when farmers try to clear bush for crop planting and also people hunt for animals. These activities are done with the notion of increasing agriculture productivity.

To mitigate this, anti-bush fire campaigns would be organised each year and penalise those who are caught in the act severely. Additionally, in the quest of increasing crop produce, farmers may over cut trees in order to get space for planting crops. To forestall this, three (3) educational campaigns would be organised for farmers on the importance of trees to the soil. Farmers may also be involved in sending their children to farms during school hours. The Children Act (Act 560) would therefore be enforced.  

Incorporating construction of culverts in the design of roads that block water courses is one way of controlling flooding in the district. When roads are constructed without taken into consideration water courses, flooding may result. In addition to controlling flooding, three (3) exercises would be undertaken to pull down buildings without permits and which are built in flood prone areas.

The road network in the district is very poor and in order not to degrade it further, some measures have to be put on the ground to mitigate the bad effects the activities would have on it. From the sustainability matrix, it is seen that the constructional activities would caused the roads to worsen when trucks carrying building materials ply on it. It is as a result that periodic reshaping has to be undertaken by the grader in order to maintain the shape. Also an agreement would be reached between the District Assembly and the contractors for them to adhere to axle load regulations. Barriers would be mounted at strategic locations to check this.  

One other activity which is sustainable in itself, but would have negative effects on crop productivity is tree planting exercise. Even though tree planting is important, it tends to cover arable land space which hitherto would be used to plant crops. This would result in limited land space to plant crops. The mitigation measure would be to introduce farmers to high-yielding seeds and modern methods of farming. This is intended to increase crop productivity in the face of limited land space.  

The construction of irrigation dams could cause flooding when the dams over flow their banks and also serve as bleeding place for mosquitoes. To avoid such situation, modern irrigation dams would be designed and constructed with the issue of flooding all incorporated in the design. With regards to causing malaria infection, there would be educational campaigns in nearby communities on the need to use Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN).

Implications of the Measures for the Budget and Institutional Capacities

Interventions identified to mitigate impacts from the implementation of the activities will certainly involve additional cost outlay.  Besides, the Assembly in order to carry out effective implementation of the interventions, institutional capacities must be developed. These will require training of personnel from the Environmental Health and Sanitation unit, Works Department and the DPCU. The Assembly must therefore take steps to develop the requisite commitment to environmental issues so as to minimise any impacts that will be associated with the implementation of the DMTDP.  

MONITORING AND EVALUATION ARRANGEMENT

Introduction

Monitoring and evaluation are separate practices dedicated to the assessment of overall performance. Monitoring is a systematic and long-term process that gathers information in regards to the progress made by an implementation of the DMTDP (2018-2019). Evaluation is time specific and it is performed to judge whether a project has reached its goals and delivered what expected according to its original plan. First of all, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) are important for the DPCU to assess that the DMTDP is achieving the set targets.

This chapter covers how the DMTDP would be monitored and evaluated. In this regard, it highlights the monitoring and evaluation plan of the district.

Purpose of the District Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring is very important in project planning and implementation.

It is like watching where you are going while riding a bicycle; you can adjust as you go along and ensure that you are on the right track.

Monitoring provides information that will be useful in:

• Determining whether the inputs in the project are well utilized;

• Identifying problems facing the implementation of the DMTDP  and finding solutions;

• Ensuring all activities are carried out properly by the right people and in time;

• Using lessons from one project experience on to another; and

Determining whether the way the DMTDP was planned is the most appropriate way of solving the problems in the District

Monitoring Matrix

The matrix shows the linkage of the DMTDP to the Agenda for Jobs (2018-2021) objectives. The matrix presents the input, output, and outcome and impact indicators for the objectives. It provides the frequency for collecting data on each indicator as well as data sources and who is responsible for collecting the data.

Evaluation

Evaluation is the process of making judgments about a project or programme that is on-going or completed based on systematic and objective collection and analysis of data/information relative to such issues as effectiveness, efficiency, success, relevance, and sustainability for its stakeholders. Evaluation answers the question “what have we achieved and what impact have we made?”

The District is going to engage the services of a consultant to conduct the evaluation of the DMTDP.  However it is the DPCU which would come out with the Evaluation Terms of Reference. The Terms of Reference will then serves as a tool based on which the evaluation would be undertaken.

Process of the Evaluation

Evaluation Terms of Reference (TOR)

The Terms of Reference forms the basis for the evaluation exercise. It guides the evaluation of the programmes in the DMTDP.

Type and Scope of the Evaluation

Some of the evaluations which would be conducted based on their timing are ex-ante evaluation, mid-term evaluation, final or terminal evaluation and ex-post evaluation.

With ex-ante evaluation, projects and programmes will be evaluated before the start of implementation. Mid-term evaluation will be conducted half-way into the implementation of the DMTDP (2014-2017) and it is done to consider the performance and first outputs of implementation and to propose modification where necessary.

Concerning the scope, evaluation would be conducted throughout the District to ascertain the outcome and impact of the plan.

Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation

Participatory M&E is the process where primary stakeholders actively participate in tracking the process towards the achievement of self-selected or jointly agreed results to draw actionable conclusions. It is aimed at creating positive learning environment, deepening public consultation and to provoke thinking and action. In addition it helps release creativity in people and enables people to take a more active partnership role, especially in community projects aimed at improving the quality of life.

Participation is one key principle that would be employed in every stage of Monitoring and Evaluation because there are various stakeholders in and outside the district who have direct interest in the implementation of the projects and programmes in the plan.

Environmental Issues

The survival of the people as well as the local economy, to a large extent, depends on both the natural and built environment. It is therefore prudent to take steps that promote environmental soundness through curtailing activities or practices that cause the degradation of the environment.

To this end, the plan proposal should take into consideration: