The Bia East District forms part of the Wet Semi-Equatorial climatic zone with two rainfall peaks (double maxima) between April-June and September – December respectively. The vegetation of the district is Equatorial Rain Forest (Semi deciduous) type. The forest vegetation is made up of hundreds of different tree species, including Wawa, Mahogany, Esa, Ofram, Edinam, Onyina, Kyenkyen and Odum. Significantly, about 80% of the population is engaged in agriculture. The district is basically rural.

The edaphic and climatic conditions favour the cultivation of varieties of tree crops, food crops, livestock production and aquaculture. Important food crops produced in the district are cocoyam plantain, yam, cassava, rice, maize and vegetables. Cocoa is the most important cash crop produced in the district. The district is considered to be one of the food baskets in the region.

Agriculture serves as the backbone to the development of Ghana’s economy and represents the major economic activity in the Bia East District. An agricultural household is defined as a household where at least, one person in the household is engaged in any type of farming activity, namely crop farming, tree growing, livestock rearing and fish farming. This chapter seeks to analyse the agriculture activities of the district in two main areas: to describe households in agriculture and not in agriculture, and the types of farming activities undertaken by the households in agriculture.